Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Notes PDF – Chapter-wise Guide with Important Questions (Part 1 & Part 2)
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Notes PDF – Chapter-wise Guide with Important Questions (Part 1 & Part 2)
Looking for easy-to-understand and exam-focused notes for your Class 10 Science (Maharashtra State Board)? You're in the right place! This article provides complete, downloadable PDF notes for both Part 1 (Physics & Chemistry) and Part 2 (Biology & Environment) of your Class 10 syllabus. These notes are designed specifically for Maharashtra SSC Board students to help you prepare effectively for your final exams.
Each chapter includes:
- A clear and concise chapter overview with key concepts explained in simple language
- A downloadable PDF note prepared for revision and learning
- A special section on Important Questions from Previous 5 Years’ Board Exams (must practice!)
These notes are curated to help you revise faster, learn smarter, and score higher in Science exams. Use these notes daily as a reference, and make sure to practice the previous year questions included. Good luck!
📘 Class 10 Science Part 1 Notes – Physics & Chemistry
Chapter 1: Gravitation notes
Description: Covers Newton’s law of gravitation, free fall, acceleration due to gravity, mass vs weight, and related numericals.
- Define Newton’s law of gravitation with examples.
- Numerical: Calculate weight on moon/Earth.
- Free fall: Explain motion with ‘g’.
- Differentiate mass and weight.
- Effect of altitude on gravitational force.
Important Board Questions:
- Define acceleration due to gravity.
- Why does weight change on moon?
- Mass vs Weight with examples – 2019
- Numerical on free fall – 2020
- Graph-based MCQ – 2022
📥 Download Gravitation Notes PDF
Chapter 2: Periodic Classification of Elements notes
Description: Study Mendeleev’s Periodic Table, the Modern Periodic Law, and periodic trends in properties of elements.
- Modern Periodic Law
- Trends across periods/groups
- Mendeleev’s table and anomalies
- Application in real life
Important Board Questions:
- State and explain Modern Periodic Law – 2018
- Draw periodic table layout – 2021
- Trend in atomic size – 2019
- Identify position of elements – 2022
- MCQ on periodic trends – 2023
📥 Download Periodic Classification Notes PDF
Chapter 3: Chemical Reactions and Equations Notes
Description: Understand different types of chemical reactions, how to balance equations, and real-life examples of reactions.
- Types: combination, decomposition, displacement, redox
- Steps to balance chemical equations
- Daily life chemical reactions
- Oxidation and reduction
Important Board Questions:
- Define redox reaction with example – 2020
- Balance given equation – 2019
- Write chemical reaction for rusting – 2021
- Types of reaction with examples – 2018
- MCQ from daily reactions – 2023
📥 Download Chemical Reactions Notes PDF
Chapter 4: Effects of Electric Current notes
Description: Study heating effect of current, magnetic effect, electric motor, and domestic electric circuits. Essential for concept-based and application questions.
- Joule’s Law of Heating
- Electric motor – working and principle
- Fuse, circuit breakers
- Magnetic field due to current
Important Board Questions:
- Explain Joule’s law of heating – 2020
- Labelled diagram of electric motor – 2021
- MCQ on fuse – 2022
- Application of magnetic field – 2019
- Heating effect daily use – 2018
📥 Download Electric Current Notes PDF
Chapter 5: Heat notes
Description: Concepts of heat transfer, latent heat, specific heat, and principles of calorimetry. Important for numerical and explanation-based questions.
- Specific heat capacity
- Principle of heat exchange
- Numericals on heat gained/lost
- Change of state
Important Board Questions:
- Explain latent heat – 2018
- Numerical on calorimeter – 2019
- Use of principle of heat exchange – 2022
- Define specific heat – 2023
- Concept-based diagram – 2021
Chapter 6: Refraction of Light notes
Description: Covers laws of refraction, Snell’s law, refractive index, and applications like lenses and prisms. Conceptual and numerical chapter.
- Laws of refraction
- Refractive index formula
- Diagrams on refraction through glass slab
- MCQs and numericals
Important Board Questions:
- Snell’s Law – 2019
- Numerical on refractive index – 2021
- Labelled ray diagram – 2023
- Define refraction – 2020
- Conceptual MCQs – 2022
📥 Download Refraction Notes PDF
Chapter 7: Lenses notes
Description: Explore types of lenses, ray diagrams, lens formula, magnification, and applications in devices like cameras and glasses.
- Convex and concave lenses
- Ray diagram for image formation
- Lens formula: 1/f = 1/v – 1/u
- Numericals on magnification
Important Board Questions:
- Draw ray diagram for convex lens – 2018
- Numerical based on lens formula – 2020
- Magnification formula MCQ – 2021
- Real vs virtual image – 2022
- Application of lenses – 2023
Chapter 8: Metallurgy notes
Description: Focuses on extraction and purification of metals, reactivity series, alloys, and corrosion prevention techniques.
- Reactivity series
- Extraction steps: concentration, roasting, reduction
- Alloy examples and uses
- Corrosion and protection methods
Important Board Questions:
- Steps in extraction of iron – 2019
- MCQ on alloys – 2020
- Write short note on corrosion – 2021
- Identify metal reactivity from chart – 2022
- Conceptual fill in the blanks – 2023
📥 Download Metallurgy Notes PDF
Chapter 9: Carbon Compounds notes
Description: Learn about hydrocarbons, functional groups, homologous series, ethanol and ethanoic acid, and soap/detergent chemistry.
- Saturated vs unsaturated hydrocarbons
- Functional groups and IUPAC naming
- Reactions of ethanol and ethanoic acid
- Cleansing action of soap
Important Board Questions:
- Draw structure of methane/ethanol – 2018
- Explain homologous series – 2021
- Write equation for esterification – 2019
- MCQ on IUPAC names – 2023
- Describe soap micelle action – 2020
📥 Download Carbon Compounds Notes PDF
Chapter 10: Space Missions notes
Description: Covers India’s major space missions, satellites, launch vehicles, and ISRO’s contributions. Great for GK + science application!
- ISRO achievements: Mangalyaan, Chandrayaan
- Types of satellites
- Importance of PSLV, GSLV
- Benefits of space tech in communication, defense
Important Board Questions:
- Write note on Mangalyaan – 2020
- List applications of satellites – 2018
- Differentiate PSLV vs GSLV – 2019
- MCQ on ISRO facts – 2022
- Diagram of satellite – 2023
📥 Download Space Missions Notes PDF
📗 Class 10 Science Part 2 Notes – Biology & Environmental Science
Chapter 2: Life Processes in Living Organisms Part – 1
Description: Learn about metabolism, enzymes, photosynthesis, and respiration in living organisms. Build a strong base in biological processes.
- Types of nutrition
- Photosynthesis – process and factors
- Anaerobic vs aerobic respiration
- Role of enzymes in digestion
Important Board Questions:
- Write chemical equation of photosynthesis – 2021
- Differentiate aerobic and anaerobic respiration – 2019
- Define metabolism and explain types – 2020
- Diagram-based MCQ on leaf and chloroplast – 2023
- Function of enzymes – 2018
📥 Download Life Processes Part 1 Notes PDF
Chapter 3: Life Processes in Living Organisms Part – 2
Description: Focus on reproduction and growth in organisms including asexual and sexual reproduction, reproductive systems and their functions.
- Types of asexual reproduction
- Structure of male and female reproductive systems
- Fertilization and embryo development
Important Board Questions:
- Explain budding in yeast – 2021
- Label diagram of human reproductive system – 2018
- Differentiate sexual and asexual reproduction – 2022
- Stages of embryo development – 2020
- MCQ on reproductive health – 2023
📥 Download Life Processes Part 2 Notes PDF
Chapter 4: Environmental Management notes
Description: Learn about ecosystem balance, biodiversity, conservation strategies, and human impact on nature. Important for awareness-based questions.
- Importance of biodiversity
- Pollution and its types
- Eco-friendly alternatives
- Role of government and NGOs
Important Board Questions:
- Define biodiversity and explain its importance – 2019
- List causes of air pollution – 2021
- Write short note on sustainable development – 2023
- Effects of deforestation – 2020
- Conservation of biodiversity – 2018
📥 Download Environmental Management Notes PDF
Chapter 5: Towards Green Energy notes
Description: Study renewable and non-renewable energy, electricity generation methods, and future trends in energy production.
- Fossil fuels and their drawbacks
- Solar, wind, hydroelectric energy
- Energy conservation methods
- Energy-efficient appliances
Important Board Questions:
- Explain solar panel working – 2022
- List disadvantages of fossil fuels – 2020
- Define renewable energy – 2018
- Advantages of LED over bulb – 2023
- Steps for energy conservation – 2019
📥 Download Green Energy Notes PDF
Chapter 6: Animal Classification notes
Description: Covers the basis of classification, vertebrates and invertebrates, characteristics of different phyla, and examples.
- Hierarchy in classification
- Differences between chordates and non-chordates
- Examples from each group
Important Board Questions:
- Draw and label fish or bird – 2019
- MCQs on characteristics of phyla – 2022
- Classification chart-based question – 2018
- Difference: vertebrate vs invertebrate – 2023
- Features of mollusca – 2021
📥 Download Animal Classification Notes PDF
Chapter 7: Introduction to Microbiology notes
Description: Learn about types of microbes, their roles in medicine, food industry, and their impact on human health and environment.
- Bacteria, viruses, fungi – properties
- Uses in medicine, agriculture, and industry
- Pathogens vs helpful microbes
Important Board Questions:
- Difference between virus and bacteria – 2022
- Uses of microbes in industry – 2018
- Diagram of bacterial structure – 2020
- MCQ on vaccines – 2023
- Define probiotics – 2019
📥 Download Microbiology Notes PDF
Chapter 8: Cell Biology and Biotechnology notes
Description: Explore the structure and function of cells, biotechnology applications, and genetic engineering basics.
- Plant and animal cells comparison
- Applications of biotechnology
- DNA fingerprinting, cloning
Important Board Questions:
- Diagram of plant/animal cell – 2018
- Define biotechnology with example – 2021
- Explain DNA fingerprinting – 2020
- Uses of genetic engineering – 2023
- MCQ on cell organelles – 2022
📥 Download Cell Biology & Biotechnology Notes PDF
Chapter 9: Social Health notes
Description: Focuses on social well-being, problems like addiction, peer pressure, mental health, and community health awareness.
- Definition and components of social health
- Addiction and its effects
- Role of youth and government
Important Board Questions:
- List measures to overcome addiction – 2019
- Define social health with examples – 2018
- Campaign methods for awareness – 2023
- Role of schools and NGOs – 2021
- MCQ on peer influence – 2022
📥 Download Social Health Notes PDF
Chapter 10: Disaster Management notes
Description: Understand natural and man-made disasters, their prevention, mitigation strategies, and disaster response system in India.
- Types of disasters
- Preparedness and response
- Case studies of Indian disasters
- Mock drills and first aid
Important Board Questions:
- Classify natural disasters – 2018
- Explain role of NDMA – 2020
- First aid steps during earthquake – 2019
- MCQ on disaster management cycle – 2022
- Short note on flood management – 2023
📥 Download Disaster Management Notes PDF
🎯 Tips to Score High in Class 10 Science (SSC Board)
- 🔍 Focus on concept clarity — especially from Gravitation, Heat, Chemical Reactions, and Evolution.
- 📘 Practice numerical and diagrams daily.
- 📝 Solve all questions listed above — they’ve appeared in the final board exams over the last 5 years!
- 📤 Use these downloadable notes for last-minute revision.
💡 Pro Tip: Bookmark this page and revise each chapter with past paper questions every week. Practice. Revise. Score!
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