Class 10 Science Chapter 2: Life Processes – Part 2 Notes (Maharashtra Board)

🔍 Detailed Explanation of Concepts

🫀 Transportation in Human Beings

Transportation is the process of movement of essential substances (oxygen, nutrients, hormones) throughout the body.

• Blood: Connective tissue that transports materials; contains RBCs, WBCs, platelets, plasma
• Heart: Four-chambered organ (2 atria, 2 ventricles); pumps blood through double circulation
• Double Circulation: Pulmonary (lungs) + Systemic (rest of body)

Blood Vessels

🌿 Transportation in Plants

• Xylem: Conducts water and minerals from roots to leaves
• Phloem: Transports food from leaves to all parts

Transpiration: Loss of water vapor from plant leaves through stomata

🚽 Excretion in Humans

Excretion: The removal of metabolic waste from the body.

• Main organ: Kidneys
• Other parts: Ureters, Urinary bladder, Urethra

Functional unit: Nephron

Process: Filtration → Reabsorption → Urine formation

🍀 Excretion in Plants

• Gases released by diffusion
• Waste stored in leaves, which later fall off
• Some excrete resins or latex

📘 Important Definitions / Key Terms

• Transportation: Movement of materials through body fluids
• Excretion: Removal of metabolic wastes
• Nephron: Functional unit of kidney
• Transpiration: Evaporation of water through stomata

📄 Chapter Summary

This chapter explores transportation and excretion in humans and plants. In humans, the circulatory system ensures movement of oxygen, nutrients, and waste through blood. The heart's double circulation pumps blood between lungs and the rest of the body. Blood vessels like arteries, veins, and capillaries aid this flow. In plants, xylem and phloem perform transport functions. Transpiration helps in water movement and cooling. Excretion in humans is handled by kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Nephrons filter blood and form urine. In plants, waste is removed by diffusion or stored in old parts that fall off. Some plants secrete substances like latex. These life processes ensure survival by maintaining internal balance and removing harmful wastes.

📚 Board Exam Questions

🟩 1 Mark

• Define transpiration.
• What is nephron?

🟨 2 Marks

• Differentiate between arteries and veins.
• What is double circulation?

🟧 3 Marks

• Explain structure and function of nephron.
• Describe the process of urine formation.

🟥 4 Marks

• Explain transportation system in plants.
• Describe human circulatory system with a neat diagram.

📊 Diagram-Based

• Labeled diagram of human excretory system
• Labeled diagram of nephron

❓ FAQ Section