Chapter 5: Heat – Class 10 Science Notes (Maharashtra Board)

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12 Jun, 2025
Chapter 5: Heat – Class 10 Science Notes (Maharashtra Board)

Chapter 5: Heat – Class 10 Science Notes (Maharashtra Board)

Welcome to the complete and detailed notes for Chapter 5: Heat from Class 10 Maharashtra Board Science. This article explains every concept thoroughly with definitions, examples, formulas, and real-life applications – aligned with the SSC Board exam.

🌡️ What is Heat?

Heat is a form of energy that flows from a hotter object to a colder one. It is measured in Joules (J).

Example: When you touch a hot cup of tea, heat flows from the tea to your hand.

🌞 Difference Between Heat and Temperature

Feature Heat Temperature
Definition Energy in transfer Degree of hotness
SI Unit Joule (J) Kelvin (K) / °C

🧪 Specific Heat Capacity

Definition: The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.

Formula: Q = m × c × ΔT

Example: Water has a high specific heat of 4200 J/kg°C – it heats up slowly.

🧊 Latent Heat

Latent heat is the heat absorbed or released during a phase change without temperature change.

  • Latent heat of fusion: Ice → Water (at 0°C)
  • Latent heat of vaporization: Water → Steam (at 100°C)

⚖️ Principle of Calorimetry

Heat lost by hot body = Heat gained by cold body

Formula: m₁c₁(T₁ – T) = m₂c₂(T – T₂)

🌬️ Newton's Law of Cooling

The rate of cooling is directly proportional to the difference in temperature between the object and its surroundings.

Formula: Rate ∝ (T – T₀)

🔥 Applications of Heat in Daily Life

  • Cooking food
  • Water heating systems
  • Thermal power generation
  • Hot water bags in medicine

📚 Summary – Key Takeaways

  • Heat is energy, temperature is a measurement.
  • Specific heat explains how different materials heat up.
  • Latent heat deals with state changes.
  • Calorimetry uses heat transfer to measure unknowns.
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