Chapter 10: Space Missions – Class 10 Maharashtra Board Science Notes

Chapter 10 – Space Missions from the Class 10 Maharashtra Board Science Part 2 textbook explores India’s remarkable journey in space science. This chapter highlights key topics such as the role of ISRO, types of satellites, major Indian space missions like Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan, and the significance of launch vehicles like PSLV and GSLV. These notes are designed to help students prepare effectively for board exams with simplified explanations, tables, and exam tips.

🌌 Introduction to Space Missions

Space missions involve sending humans, satellites, or spacecraft into space for communication, defense, research, and exploration. ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) leads India’s ambitious space journey since 1969.

Key Term: What is ISRO?

ISRO is India's national space agency responsible for launching satellites, space missions, and innovations in space technology.

🛰️ Types of Space Missions

• Communication Satellites: TV, internet, and phone signal transmission (e.g., INSAT).
• Earth Observation Satellites: Monitor climate, agriculture, and disasters (e.g., RESOURCESAT).
• Navigation Satellites: Assist GPS systems (e.g., NAVIC).
• Scientific Satellites: Research and experimentation (e.g., Astrosat).
• Exploration Missions: Explore planets and celestial bodies (e.g., Moon and Mars).

🌍 Major Indian Space Missions – Class 10 Table

🚀 PSLV & GSLV – India’s Launch Vehicles

• PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle): Ideal for placing satellites in polar orbit.
• GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle): Launches heavier satellites into geostationary orbit.

🌟 India's Achievements in Space

• India reached Mars in its first attempt.
• ISRO launched over 100 foreign satellites.
• Developed an indigenous GPS system – NAVIC.

🧠 Exam Tips for Class 10 Board

• Memorize key missions: Chandrayaan-1, Mangalyaan, Chandrayaan-2, Gaganyaan.
• Understand the difference between PSLV and GSLV.
• Be ready for map-based questions on ISRO centers.

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❓ FAQs – Chapter 10: Space Missions

What is ISRO?

ISRO is the Indian Space Research Organisation. It is India's national space agency, founded in 1969 to lead scientific and space missions.

What are the types of Indian space missions?

Communication, observation, navigation, scientific, and exploration missions like INSAT, RESOURCESAT, NAVIC, Astrosat, and Chandrayaan.

What are India's major space achievements?

India successfully reached Mars in its first attempt, launched over 100 foreign satellites, and developed its own NAVIC system.

What is the difference between PSLV and GSLV?

PSLV is used for polar orbit launches; GSLV is used for heavier, geostationary satellite launches.

📚 Related Notes for Class 10 Maharashtra Board

• Class 10 Chapter 1: Gravitation notes
• Class 10 Chapter 2: Periodic Classification of Elements notes
• Class 10 Chapter 3: Control and Coordination notes 
• Class 10 Chapter 3: Chemical Reactions and Equations Notes
• Class 10 Chapter 4: Effects of Electric Current Notes
• Class 10 Chapter 5 Heat Notes
• Class 10 Chapter 6 refraction of light Notes
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