Class 10 English Notes Maharashtra Board – Chapter 2.6: Science and Spirituality 

1. Chapter Title and Brief Introduction 📚

Chapter 2.6: Science and Spirituality explores the relationship between scientific knowledge and spiritual wisdom. It highlights how both science and spirituality seek truth, though through different paths. The chapter encourages students to appreciate the harmony between rational thinking and spiritual insight.

---

2. Author Information ✍️

The chapter is written by Sir C.V. Raman, a renowned Indian physicist and Nobel Laureate. He is famous for his work on the scattering of light, known as the Raman Effect. Raman was a great believer in the compatibility of science and spirituality, which is evident in this chapter.

---

3. Summary of the Chapter 📝

In Science and Spirituality, Sir C.V. Raman explains how science and spirituality are not opposing forces but complementary aspects of human understanding. He discusses how science uses observation, experimentation, and logic to explain natural phenomena. Spirituality, on the other hand, is concerned with inner wisdom, values, and ethical living.

Raman emphasizes that spiritual values guide scientists to use their knowledge for the betterment of society. Both science and spirituality ultimately aim to discover truth and improve human life. The chapter encourages balancing scientific progress with spiritual growth for holistic development.

---

4. New Words and Meanings 📖

---

5. Figures of Speech with Examples 🎭

• Alliteration: “Scientific studies seek solutions.” (Repetition of ‘s’ sound)

• Personification: “Science speaks the language of the universe.” (Giving human qualities to science)

• Metaphor: “Spirituality is the inner light.” (Compares spirituality to light without using “like” or “as”)

• Antithesis: “Science and spirituality may seem opposite, yet they are united.” (Contrasting ideas placed together)

---

6. Poetic Appreciation (for Poems Only) 🎨

Note: This chapter is prose, so poetic appreciation is not applicable.

---

7. Grammar and Language Study 📚

• Tenses: Notice the use of Present Simple to express facts and general truths.
  Example: “Science studies the natural world.”

• Reported Speech: Understanding how the author reports thoughts or statements.
  Example: Raman said that science and spirituality complement each other.

• Passive Voice: Often used to focus on the action rather than the doer.
  Example: “Truth is sought by both science and spirituality.”

• Vocabulary Building: Use of formal and academic language like “complementary,” “phenomena,” and “ethics.”

---

8. Important Exam Questions with Answers ✍️

Q1. What is the main idea of the chapter “Science and Spirituality”?
The chapter emphasizes that science and spirituality, though different in approach, both seek truth and aim to improve human life. They complement each other and together lead to holistic progress.

Q2. How does science differ from spirituality according to the author?
Science relies on observation, experimentation, and logic to understand natural phenomena. Spirituality focuses on inner wisdom, ethical values, and understanding of life beyond the physical world.

Q3. Explain why science and spirituality should work together.
Science and spirituality should work together because science provides knowledge and technology, while spirituality offers moral guidance and values. This balance helps society progress responsibly.

Q4. How can spiritual values influence scientific progress?
Spiritual values guide scientists to use their discoveries ethically, ensuring that scientific progress benefits humanity and does not harm the environment or social harmony.

---

9. Central Idea or Moral Message 🌟

The central idea of the chapter Science and Spirituality is that both science and spirituality pursue truth through different means but are ultimately united in their goals. Science uses empirical evidence and logical reasoning to understand the physical world, while spirituality explores inner consciousness and ethical living. Together, they offer a complete understanding of existence. The chapter urges us to respect scientific advancements while nurturing spiritual values to create a balanced and humane society. True progress lies in harmonizing rational knowledge with moral wisdom.

---

10. Previously Asked Board Exam Questions (Last 5 Years) with Answers 📝

Q1. Define the relationship between science and spirituality. (2 Marks)
Science and spirituality are complementary; science studies the physical world through experiments, while spirituality focuses on inner values and ethics.

Q2. Why does the author believe spirituality is important for scientists? (3 Marks)
The author believes spirituality is important for scientists because it helps them remain ethical and responsible. Spiritual values guide scientists to use their knowledge for the good of humanity rather than selfish or harmful purposes.

Q3. Explain the role of science in human progress. (4 Marks)
Science plays a vital role in human progress by providing knowledge, technology, and solutions to everyday problems. It helps improve health, communication, and living standards. However, without spirituality’s ethical guidance, scientific progress might lead to misuse or harm.

Q4. Discuss the main message of “Science and Spirituality”. (5 Marks)
The main message is that science and spirituality, though different, complement each other in the quest for truth. Science explains the material world through logic and evidence, while spirituality guides ethical behavior and inner growth. Together, they ensure that progress is not only technological but also moral and humane.

---

11. Practice Questions with Answers for “Science and Spirituality” 📖

Short Answer Questions

1. What does science study?
   Answer: Science studies the natural world through observation and experimentation.

2. How does spirituality differ from science?
   Answer: Spirituality focuses on inner wisdom and ethical values, unlike science which studies physical phenomena.

3. What is the role of ethics in science?
   Answer: Ethics guide scientists to use their knowledge responsibly and for the welfare of society.

4. Define “phenomena”.
   Answer: Phenomena are observable events or facts in nature.

5. Why are science and spirituality called complementary?
   Answer: Because they complete each other by addressing different aspects of truth.

Long Answer Questions

6. Describe the relationship between science and spirituality.
   Answer: Science and spirituality both seek truth but through different approaches. Science uses logic and experiments, while spirituality explores moral and ethical understanding. They work together to promote overall progress.

7. Explain the importance of spiritual values in scientific research.
   Answer: Spiritual values ensure that scientific discoveries are used ethically and benefit humanity. They prevent misuse and encourage harmony between humans and nature.

8. How can a balance between science and spirituality benefit society?
   Answer: A balance leads to technological advancement guided by moral responsibility, creating a better and more ethical world.

9. Discuss the author’s view on the unity of science and spirituality.
   Answer: The author believes they are not opposites but united in their goal to seek truth and improve human life.

10. What lessons can students learn from this chapter?
    Answer: Students learn to appreciate both scientific knowledge and spiritual wisdom for a balanced life.

---

More Practice Questions:
11. What does “rational” mean?
12. Give an example of a figure of speech from the chapter.
13. What is the “Raman Effect” related to the author?
14. Why is scientific knowledge incomplete without spirituality?
15. How does spirituality contribute to peace of mind?
16. Write the meaning of “insight”.
17. Explain the use of alliteration in the chapter.
18. How do scientists seek truth?
19. What is the importance of moral principles in science?
20. Summarize the chapter in your own words.